INEPO APPLICATION
AFGHANISTAN
Name :
Surname :
Branch :
Title:
Name:
Surname:
Date
of Birth:
2nd
STUDENTS:
Male
Name:
Surname:
Date
of Birth:
INEPO APPLICATION |
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| Country/Ülke | ||||
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AFGHANISTAN
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| Jury: Male | ||||
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Name : |
Ramazan |
Surname : |
SABAN | |
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Branch : |
Biology | |||
Title:
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- | |||
| 1st STUDENTS: Male | ||||
| Name: |
Bijen | Surname: |
Muradi | |
| Date
of Birth: |
10 / 5 / 1990
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| 2nd
STUDENTS:
Male
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| Name: |
Ramin | Surname: |
Firuze | |
| Date
of Birth: |
3 / 4 / 1991
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| Project Name: | ||||
| New source of marine aerosols against green house effects | ||||
| Project Type: | ||||
| Environment-Biology | ||||
| Project to Summarize: | ||||
| It is well understood how the emission of greenhouse gasses (GHG) warms the atmosphere. Some of the key greenhouse molecules stay in the atmosphere hundreds of years (co2 lifetime is estimated to be 50-200 years) and are therefore well mixed in the atmosphere and absorb the thermal radiation uniformly around the globe. Aerosols, however, are suspended in the atmosphere between hours to weeks over a limited area, hence their effect will be concentrated on a regional scale. This should be considered when estimating the anthropogenic impacts on climate. Aerosols have an important influence on climate regulation since they contribute to the Earth’s “heat shield” through the formation of haze and cloud layers. Aerosols work in a way opposite to greenhouse gases: greenhouse gases trap heat escaping from the Earth’s surface and lead to “global warming”, while aerosols block heat from reaching the surface where it is absorbed, and may have a “global cooling” effect. All aerosol types contribute to the “heat shield”, but marine aerosols formed over oceans are its most important source, as oceans cover 70% of the Earth’s surface. What nobody knew until now was that algae and plankton are an important natural source of iodine-oxide aerosols. It was thought that the main source of oceanic aerosols were their emissions of sulphur compounds. How to explain this new source of marine aerosols (iodine oxides)? Increasing oceanic biological activity (of algae or plankton) resulting from changes in ocean temperatures, can lead to increased iodine vapour emissions, which in turn, can lead to an increased abundance of aerosol particles. The iodine vapour released from algae is in the form of methyl-iodine molecules, which react with sunlight and ozone to produce iodine-oxide aerosol particles. Thus, increasing the availability of aerosols will increase the solar blocking efficiency of the haze and cloud layers. Such a trend comprises a global cooling effect that could partially offset global warming from greenhouse gases. | ||||